Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
Dengue virus (DENV) is the world most prevalent mosquito-transmitted virus. The incidence of\ndengue infection has been increasing and most of the infected people are asymptomatic or have\nnon specific febrile illness. Laboratory test is essential to confirm dengue infection in epidemiological\nstudies. We developed an indirect ELISA test based on monoclonal immunoglobulin against\nall four DENV serotypes and evaluated the test for the diagnosis of asymptomatic dengue infection\nin paired annual serum samples. The indirect ELISA was found to have a sensitivity 87.5% and\nspecificity 78.3% at optimized cut off. The results from indirect ELISA demonstrate an incidence of\nasymptomatic dengue infection from children aged 4 - 11 years in Ratchaburi province, Thailand\n(2006-2009). These findings indicate that the indirect ELISA is suitable for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological\nstudies of asymptomatic dengue infection....
Background: The purpose of this study was to characterize specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses in men who\nhave sex with men (MSM) subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF01_AE\nsubtype during the first year of infection and impacts on viral control and evolution.\nResults: Fifteen HIV-1 primary infected cases were recruited from Liaoning MSM prospective cohort. CTL responses\nto Gag, Pol and Nef proteins at 3 month and 1 year post infection were detected with Gamma interferon enzymelinked\nimmunospot (ELISPOT) assay using optimized consensus overlapping peptides, as well as the viral\nquasispecies sequences from the synchronous plasma. Gag and Nef proteins were the main targets of CTL\nresponses during the first year of HIV-1 infection, and this was evident from the data after adjusting for the length\nof amino acids by dividing the amino acids number of the corresponding protein and multiplying by 100.\nAdditionally, relative magnitudes of Gag at both 3 months and 1 year post infection were significantly negatively\ncorrelated with the viral set point (p = 0.002, r = âË?â??0.726; p = 0.025, r = âË?â??0.574). While the relative magnitude of Nef at\n1 year post infection were significantly positively correlated with viral set point (p = 0.004, r = 0.697). Subjects with\nmulti-layered Gag immunodominant responses during the first year of infection had significantly lower viral set\npoints than subjects without such responses (p = 0.002).\nConclusion: Multi-layered Gag immunodominant responses during the first year of infection were correlated with viral\ncontrol, which provides a theoretical basis for vaccine design targeting MSM subjects with the CRF01_AE subtype....
Background: Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV) occurs even after passive-active immunization.\nSome scholars speculate that in-utero infection may be the main cause of immunoprophylaxis failure. However,\nthere is a lack of evidence about the possible occurrence periods of perinatal transmission.\nMethods: From 2008 to 2012, 428 pairs of HBsAg-positive mothers and neonates were enrolled and 385 infants\naged 8ââ?¬â??12 months were followed. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, HBV-DNA) were\nperformed on all subjects.\nResults: Of mothers who were positive for HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV-DNA, 35.1 %, 94.3 %, 12.7 % of their neonates were\npositive for those indices, respectively. Neonatesââ?¬â?¢ mean titers of those indices were significantly lower than their\nmothersââ?¬â?¢. There were no significant differences in rates of positivity and mean titers of anti-HBe and anti-HBc\nbetween neonates and mothers. Most of the positive indices turned negative during the follow-up period.\nImmunoprophylaxis failed in seventeen infants: four infants had HBV-DNA > 6 log 10copies/mL both at birth and\nin follow-up; in six infants, mean viral load was 3.72 Ã?± 0.17 log 10copies/mLat birth and 7.62 Ã?± 0.14 log 10copies/\nmL at follow-up; seven infants were HBV-DNA negative at birth but were found to have > 6 log 10copies/mL\nduring follow-up. Infants that were immunoprophylaxis failures were all born to HBeAg-positive mothers with\nHBV-DNA > 6 log 10copies/mL.\nConclusions: The placental barrier can partly prevent maternal HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV-DNA from passing through\nto fetus. Performing HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV-DNA once at birth can neither diagnose nor exclude maternal-infant\ntransmission. The diagnosis of infection period depends on the dynamic changes in viral load from birth through\nthe follow-up period but whether the infection occurred in utero, at delivery or during the neonatal period could not\nbe determined....
Background. The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in humoral immune responses. Method. The concentrations of sera IL-33 and sST2\nin 74 patients and 34 healthy controls (HC) were measured by ELISA. Clinical and laboratory data were examined.The potential\nassociation between sera IL-33 and sST2 and the clinical parameters in IgAN patients were analyzed. Results. No difference was\ndiscovered in IL-33 concentrations between IgAN patients and HCs; however, the sST2 were significantly higher in each stage of\nIgAN progression than in the HC.The concentration of sST2 was positively correlated with IL-33 levels in IgAN patients. Higher\nlevels of sera IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-...
Background: Thymosin Ã?±1 (TÃ?±1) as immunomodulatory treatment is supposed to be beneficial for the sepsis\npatients by regulating T cell subsets and inflammatory mediators. However, limited by the small sample size and\nthe poor study design, the persuasive power of the single clinical studies is weak. This meta-analysis aimed to\ninvestigate the impact of TÃ?±1 on the sepsis patients.\nMethods: We searched for the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CBM, VIP, CNKI,\nWANFANG, Igaku Chuo Zasshi (ICHUSHI) and Korean literature databases reporting the effects of TÃ?±1 on outcomes\nin sepsis patients.\nResults: Among 444 related articles, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met our inclusion criteria. Mortality\nevents were reported in 10 RCTs included 530 patients, and the meta-analysis showed significant decrease in TÃ?±1\ngroup compared with control group (RR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.45 to 0.77, p = 0.0001). The subgroup analysis showed no\ndifference between the two dosages (RR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.43 to 0.81; RR 0.59, 95 % CI 0.35 to 0.98, respectively). In 9\nRCTs, with a total of 489 patients, TÃ?±1 administered once per day decrease APACHE II score significantly (SMD âË?â??0.\n80, 95 % CI âË?â??1.14 to âË?â??0.47, p < 0.0001) while TÃ?±1 twice per day showed no effect (SMD 0.30, 95 % CI-0.10 to 0.70,\np = 0.14). However, the length of ICU stay, the incidence of multiple organ failure (MOF) and duration of mechanical\nventilation were not significantly affected by TÃ?±1 treatment (SMD âË?â??0.52, 95 % CI âË?â??1.06 to 0.11, p = 0.06; SMD âË?â??0.49,\n95 % CI âË?â??1.09 to 0.11, p = 0.11; SMD âË?â??0.37, 95 % CI âË?â??0.90 to 0.17, p = 0.17, respectively). As to the immunological\nindicators, the level of HLA-DR were increased by TÃ?±1 (SMD 1.23, 95 % CI 0.28 to 2.18, p = 0.01) according to the\npooled analysis of 8 studies involving 721 patients. Lymphocyte subsets CD3, CD4 and cytokines IL-6, IL-10 and\nTNF-Ã?± were also beneficially affected by TÃ?±1 treatment.\nConclusions: TÃ?±1 may be beneficial to sepsis patients in reducing mortality and modulating inflammation\nreactions. However, the quality of evidence supporting the effectiveness is low considering the small sample sizes\nand inadequate adherence to standardized reporting guidelines for RCTs among the included studies....
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